Hateeta

Aryans the so-called Aryans (Sanskrit arya. Old Iranian airya) were Indo-European tribes who migrated from Eastern Europe to Central Asia and beyond in the third millennium B.C.E. They were patriarchal warriors who brought powerful male gods with them as they migrated eventually into Greece, Anatolia, the Fertile Crescent, Iran, and India.   The Harappan civilization began to decline by about 1900 B.C.E. and was overrun by northern nomads in about 1500 B.C.E. These nomads, called Aryans, began the Vedic culture in India, a culture with a caste social system.   In fact, on the Indian Subcontinent the early influx of Aryans, who arrived in waves from the north sometime between 1500 and 1300 B.C.E. (in what historians alternately describe as “invasions” and “migrations”), accounted for the importation of much of the foundations of future Indian culture, such as the language of Sanskrit. The Aryans themselves in time fully integrated with the darker resident populations of the val...

While Mnesarchus, the father of Pythagoras, was in the city of Delphi on matters pertaining to his business as a merchant, he and his wife, Parthenis, decided to consult the oracle of Delphi as to whether the Fates were favorable for their return voyage to Syria. When the Pythoness (prophetess of Apollo) seated herself on the golden tripod over the yawning vent of the oracle, she did not answer the question they had asked, but told Mnesarchus that his wife was then with child and would give birth to a son who was destined to surpass all men in beauty and wisdom, and who throughout the course of his life would contribute much to the benefit of mankind. Mnesarchus was so deeply impressed by the prophecy that he changed his wife's name to Pythasis, in honor of the Pythian priestess. When the child was born at Sidon in Phœnicia, it was--as the oracle had said--a son. Mnesarchus and Pythasis named the child Pythagoras, for they believed that he had been predestined by the oracle.   Many...

The name of Charlemagne is one that will ring familiar to many, a name that has been invoked by many powers in the centuries since he reigned, from the Holy Roman Empire to Nazi Germany. We all know that Charlemagne was some great king of France. What many don’t realize is that Charlemagne was the king of France before the name of France even existed.   Charlemagne, also known as Charles the Great, was a medieval emperor who ruled much of Western Europe from 768 to 814. Born in 747, he was the son of Pepin the Short, King of the Franks, and Bertrada of Laon.  The exact location of his birth is uncertain, but it was likely in modern-day Belgium or Germany. His early life is not well documented, but it is known that he was groomed for leadership from a young age. Charlemagne is best known for uniting most of Western Europe for the first time since the Roman Empire and laying the foundations for modern France and Germany. In 751, Charlemagne's father, Pepin, deposed the last Mero...

The Indus Valley civilization was lost even at the time of Alexander the Great. When his emissary Aristoboulos visited the area in 326 bc, he found 'an abandoned country, with more than a thousand towns and villages deserted after the Indus had changed its course'. It was not mentioned again in historical records for over 2000 years. However, Mohenjo Daro, one of the most significant archaeological sites of the ancient world, lies in the modern-day province of Sindh, Pakistan. This city, whose name translates to "Mound of the Dead" in Sindhi, is emblematic of the sophisticated urban planning and cultural richness of the Indus Valley Civilization, which thrived from around 2600 to 1900 BCE. Mohenjo Daro was first brought into the light of modern archaeology by Sir John Marshall in the 1920s, following earlier explorations by R. D. Banerji. The site, once buried under layers of alluvial soil, revealed a grid-like pattern of streets, indicating a well-structured urban pl...